Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
NECK AREA      
sternocleidomastoid manubrium and clavicle mastoid process rotates head, flexes cervical vertebrae
stylohyoid styloid process hyoid elevates
digastric

lower mandible and mastoid process

hyoid elevates hyoid and stabilizes, depresses mandible
mylohyoid medial mandible hyoid elevates hyoid, raises floor of mouth, tongue movement
sternohyoid manubrium and clavicle lower margin of hyoid depresses larynx and hyoid. flex skull
levator scapulae cervical vertebrae, transverse process medial scapula holds scapula against trunk, elevates scapula
TORSO AREA, DEEP MUSCLES BACK AND NECK      
erector spinae
(GROUP OF MUSCLES BELOW!! )
axial skeleton except skull axial skeleton except sacrum lateral flexion, extends trunk
spinalis upper lumbar, lower thoracic vertebrae vertebrae extends vertebrae
longissimus vertebrae, transverse process vertebrae extends vertebrae
iliocostalis ribs ribs draws ribs together
external intercostal ribs ribs draws ribs together
TORSO AREA, ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL AND INGUINAL REGION      
transversus abdominis inguinal ligament, iliac crest, cartilage of last 5-6 ribs, ilium linea alba and pubic crest compresses abdominal contents
rectus abdominis pubic crest and pubic symphasis PUBIC BONE xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7 ribs

 

flexes vertebral column; increases abdominal pressure; fixes and depresses ribs; stabilizes pelvis

internal oblique lumbodorsal fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament linea alba, pubic crest, costal cartilage of last 3 ribs

same as rectus abdominis, also muscles of back in trunk rotation and lateral flexion.
COMPRESS

external oblique anterior surface of last eight ribs linea alba, pubic tubercles, and iliac crest same as internal oblique

FACIAL AREA [ EXPRESSION ]

     
frontalis frontal bone skin of eyebrow raises eyebrow
orbicularis oculi frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit circles orbit and inserts in tissue of eyelid closes eyes, blinking/squinting/draws eyes downward
quadratus labii superioris side of nose and zygomatic
BOTTOM OF ORBIT
upper lip and nose
ORBICULAR ORIS
opening mouth, drawing upper lip up
orbicularis oris maxilla and mandible encircles mouth, angles at mouth closes mouth/kissing muscle
       
buccinator molar region of maxilla and mandible
alveolar near teeth
orbicularis oris(above) draws corner of mouth lateral(compresses cheek/whistling/food between teeth)
nasalis maxilla nasal Compresses bridge, depresses tip of nose, elevates corners of nostrils
temporalis temporal fossa
SIDES OF SKULL
coronoid process of mandible

Elevates mandible

masseter zygomatic process and its arch angle and ramus of mandible Closes jaw and elevates mandible
UPPER LIMB - SCAPULAR STABILIZATION      
trapezius occipital bone, spinae of cervical vertebrae and all thoracic vertebrae acromion and spinous process of scapula, lateral third of clavicle extends head(adducts scapula & stabilizes). upper fibers elevate, lower depress scapula
rhomboids spine of C7 and T1-T5 vertebrae vertebral border of scapula retracts scapula and elevates
levator scapulae LOOK ABOVE IN NECK AREA

serratus anterior

lateral aspect 8th/9th ribs vertebral border of anterior surface of scapula moves scapula forward toward chest wall , rotates scapula causing inferior angle to move lateral and upward
pectoralis minor anterior surface 3/4/5 ribs near costal cartilage coracoid process of scapula fixed ribs:draws scapula forward and inferiorly.
fixed scapula: draws rib cage superiorly
DEPRESSES SHOULDER
UPPER LIMB - MUSCULOTENDINOUS CUFF      
supraspinatus supraspinous fossa of scapula greater tubercle of humerus abduction of humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint
infraspinatus infraspinous fossa of scapula greater tubercle of humerus lateral rotation of humerus, holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity
teres minor lateral margin of scapula greater tuberosity of humerus lateral rotation of humerus, holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity
teres major posterior surface at inferior angle of scapula crest of lesser tubercle of humerus extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus. syngergist of latissimus dorsi
       
trapezius LOOK ABOVE IN UPPER LIMB - SCAPULAR STABILIZATION
rhomboids LOOK ABOVE IN UPPER LIMB - SCAPULAR STABILIZATION
levator scapulae LOOK ABOVE IN UPPER LIMB - SCAPULAR STABILIZATION
serratus interior LOOK ABOVE IN UPPER LIMB - SCAPULAR STABILIZATION
pectoralis minor LOOK ABOVE IN UPPER LIMB - SCAPULAR STABILIZATION
       
deltoid lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula deltoid tuberosity of humerus

PRIME MOVER OF ARM. abduction of arm, helps in flexion extension and rotation of humerus

pectoralis major clavicle, sternum, cartilage of first 6 ribs. external oblique muscle greater tubercle of humerus PRIME MOVER OF ARM. flexion, adducts, medially rotates arm. fixed arm: pulls chest upward(forced inspiration)
latissimus dorsi indirect attachment to spinous process of lower 6 T vertebrae, L vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs, iliac crest floor of intertubercular groove of humerus PRIME MOVER OF ARM. adducts and medially rotates arm. depresses scapula. brings arm down forcefully.
biceps brachii short head: coracoid process.
long head runs in intertubercular groove within capsule of shoulder joint
radial tuberosity flexion(powerful) of elbow and supination of forearm. weak arm flexor
triceps brachii long head: inferior margin of glenoid cavity; lateral head: posterior humerus; medial head: distal radial groove on posterior humerus. olecranon process of ulna powerful forearm extensor. antagonist of forearm flexors.
MUSCLES ACTING ON THE FOREARM      
FLEXORS
     
biceps brachii      
brachialis distal half of humerus, embraces deltoid muscle coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow MAJOR FLEXOR - lifts ulna as biceps lifts radius
brachiordialis lateral supracondylar distal end of humerus base of styloid process of radius helps in flexing, works well when forearm partially flexed
pronator teres medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna lateral radius, midshaft pronates forearm, weak flexor
EXTENSORS
     
triceps brachii look above!    
SUPINATORS
     
biceps brachii look above!    
PRONATORS
     
pronator teres look above!    
MUSCLES ACTING ON THE SHOULDER JOINT      
deltoid look above!    
pectoralis major look above!    
latissimus dorsi look above!    
teres major look above!    
MUSCLES ACTING ON WRIST HAND AND FINGERS      
FLEXORS
medial epicondyle of humerus metacarpals  
flex. carpi ulnaris medial epicondyle of humerus, posterior olecranon process of ulna pisiform/metacarpals POWERFUL, adducts hand with extensor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus medial epicondyle of humerus palmar aponeurosis weak, tenses fascia of palm
flex. carpi radialis medial epicondyle of humerus base of 2/3 metacarpals abducts hand, helps in elbow flexion
EXTENSORS
lateral epicondyle of humerus metacarpals  
ext. carpi ulnaris lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior ulna 5 metacarpal extends and adducts wrist.
ext. digitorum lateral epicondyle of humerus distal phalanges PRIME MOVER of fingers, abduct fingers.
longus lateral supracondylar of humerus 2 metacarpal extends and abducts wrist
brevis latearal epicondyle of humerus 3 metacarpal extends and abducts, works with longus to steady wrist.
LOWER LIMB: MUSCLES OF POSTERIOR THIGH ischium tibia  
semimembranosus ischial tuberosity medial condyle of tibia extends thigh, flex knee, medial rotate leg
semitendinosus ischial tuberosity, same w/ long head of biceps femoris upper tibial shaft extends thigh flex knee, medial rotate
biceps femoris ischial tuberosity(l) linea aspera/distal femur(s) fibula, lateral tibia extends thigh, flex knee , LATERAL rotate
LOWER LIMB: MUSCLES OF THE GLUTEAL REGION      
gluteus maximus dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx, iliac crest gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibal tract MAJOR EXTENSOR
complex, powerful, most effective when already flexed
gluteus medius b/w ant/post gluteal lines lat ilium lat. greater trochanter of femur abduct, medially rotates
gluteus minimus b/w ant/inf gluteal ext ilium ant. greater trochanter of femur same
tensor fascie latae anterior iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine iliotibial tract flex abduct thigh, rotate, steadies trunk
LOWER LIMB: MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL THIGH ADDUCTORS      
adductor brevis pubis femur flex rotate and adduct thigh
adductor longus pubis femur flex rotate and adduct thigh
adductor magnus pubis femur flex rotate and adduct thigh
       
gracilis ramus and body of pubis medial superior tibia shaft adducts thigh, flexes and medial rotates leg.
LOWER LIMB: MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR THIGH      
sartorius anterior superior iliac spine winds around medial aspect knee flexes and laterally rotates thigh
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS
rectus femoris

anterior inferior iliac

patella and tibial tuberosity

extends knee, flexes thigh at hip
vastus lateralis greater trochanter same extends knee
vastus intermedius anterior lateral femur shaft same extends knee
vastus medialis linea aspera, intertrochanteric line same extends knee, stabilize patella
LOWER LIMB: MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL AND ANTERIOR LEG      
tibialis anterior lateral condyle, 2/3 upper tibia, interosseus membrane tarsals

PRIME MOVER
FOOT FLEXION

dorsiflexion, inverts foot, support arch

extensor digitorum longus tibia phalanges flex foot
LOWER LIMB: MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR LEG      
soleus tibia calcaneus extend foot
gastrocnemius femur calcaneus extend foot, flex lower leg
       
©2003 - 2004 Anthony Chen, All rights reserved